Database Testing

Database testing means test engineer should test the data integrity, data accessing,query retriving,modifications,updation and deletion etc 

Types of testings and processes

Black Box Testing in Database testing

Black box testing involves testing interfaces and the integration of the database, which includes:

1.   Mapping of data (including metadata)

2.   Verifying incoming data

3.   Verifying outgoing data from query functions

4.   Various techniques such as Cause effect graphing technique, equivalence partitioning and boundary-value analysis.

With the help of these techniques, the functionality of the database can be tested thoroughly.

Pros and Cons of black box testing include: Test case generation in black box testing is fairly simple. Their generation is completely independent of software development and can be done in an early stage of development. As a consequence, the programmer has better knowledge of how to design the database application and uses less time for debugging. Cost for development of black box test cases is lower than development of white box test cases. The major drawback of black box testing is that it is unknown how much of the program is being tested. Also, certain errors cannot be detected.

White Box Testing in database testing

White box testing mainly deals with the internal structure of the database. The specification details are hidden from the user.

1.   It involves the testing of database triggers and logical views which are going to support database refactoring.

2.   It performs module testing of database functions, triggers, views, SQL queries etc.

3.   It validates database tables, data models, database schema etc.

4.   It checks rules of Referential integrity.

5.   It selects default table values to check on database consistency.

6.   The techniques used in white box testing are condition coverage, decision coverage, statement coverage, cyclomatic complexity.

The main advantage of white box testing in database testing is that coding error are detected, so internal bugs in the database can be eliminated. The limitation of white box testing is that SQL statements are not covered.

The WHODATE approach for database testing

While generating test cases for database testing, the semantics of SQL statement need to be reflected in the test cases. For that purpose, a technique called WHite bOx Database Application TEchnique "(WHODATE)" is used. As shown in the figure, SQL statements are independently converted into GPL statements, followed by traditional white box testing to generate test cases which include SQL semantics.

Four stages of database testing

• Set Fixture
• Test run
• Outcome verification
• Tear down

A set fixture describes the initial state of the database before entering the testing. After setting fixtures, database behavior is tested for defined test cases. Depending on the outcome, test cases are either modified or kept as is. The "tear down" stage either results in terminating testing or continuing with other test cases.^[5]

For successful database testing the following workflow executed by each single test is commonly executed:

1.   Clean up the database: If the testable data is already present in the database, the database needs to be emptied.

2.   Set up Fixture: A tool like PHPUnit will then iterate over fixtures and do insertions into the database.

3.   Run test, Verify outcome and then Tear down: After resetting the database to empty and listing the fixtures, the test is run and the output is verified. If the output is as expected, the tear down process follows, otherwise testing is repeated.

Some problems in database testing

1.   The setup for database testing is costly and complex to maintain because database systems are constantly changing with expected insert, delete and update operations.

2.   Extra overhead is involved in order to determine the state of the database transactions.

3.   After cleaning up the database, new test cases have to be designed.^{[citation needed]}

4.   An SQL generator is needed to transform SQL statements in order to include the SQL semantic into database test cases.

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